Module 12: Evangelicals

Hi everyone, and welcome back to the twelfth module of the History of Christianity 2 Course. In this section, we'll be working through some similar movements in the English speaking church that came out of the Modernist/Fundamentalist divide. This module will cover the various aspects of the Evangelical and Later Fundamentalists movements.

This module will help you to understand the history, theology, and practices of these various movements, how they were different and slowly divided from the same beginning, and their influence on the worldwide church as a whole. The student will be able to consider the different approaches and practices of the various subgroups among this larger topic.

The student will have opportunity to evaluate all these various movements, principles, approaches, practices, and their underlying theologies, as well as the lessons that can be learned from these various Evangelicals and Fundamentalist movements. This module will also aid the student to work through how the lessons learned are applicable in their own life and ministry.

Introductory Scenario

Imagine someone told you that you had to choose between eating and breathing, and you could never do the other one ever again. You would likely tell that person to go jump in a lake (or something less polite). That is obviously a false dilemma and unnecessary choice. However, there are many similar false choices that are not always so obvious. How can we recognize such deceptive manipulation and such attempts steering us to choose to give up one good thing for the sake of another good thing? How can we tell when we truly have to prioritize one over the other? How can we know when we need to keep both good choices? What authority should we use? And how can we protect ourselves from being manipulated or deceived into making a false choice? Please consider these questions and be watching for material that will help you answer them as you work through this module.

Module Objectives and Outcomes

Upon successful completion of this module, the student will:

  • Understand the history of the Evangelicals and why they eventually were distinguished from the Fundamentalists.
  • Describe the major characteristics, beliefs, and practices of Evangelicals, and how these were demonstrated in some of their early leaders.
  • Evaluate the mindset and practices of the Evangelicals and Fundamentalists, and learn and apply those principles to aid in current life and ministry.
  • Place the major events and people of these movements in a general chronology.

Instruction Guides

In this section, you'll find links to important instructional documents for this module. Click the following links to open each document. There is a set of instructions for individual study and a document for group study.

Textbook Content

In this section, you'll find a study guide for the textbook reading for module 12. And then you'll find the link to a practice quiz covering this textbook reading.

This section also contains a review quiz to test your understanding of the textbook material for this module. By clicking the banner below, you will be given a series of questions, in random order. The quiz will be different each time, so feel free to take it more than once.

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Gonzalez Textbook Quiz
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Textbook Review Quiz for Gonzalez chs. 37-38

Click the button next to the best answer for each question, or drag each term to its best definition. Then press the Submit button at the bottom to see if your answers are correct.


Drag each term to its proper definition.
World Council of Churches
Life and Work
Liberation Theology
Faith and Order
World Missionary Conference

Meeting to discuss the beliefs and practices of the church: ordination, sacraments, etc.

Theology prominent in South America, which concluded that the church should side with the poor and which has been labeled "Marxist theology"

Group that grew out of, and represented the ecumenical movement

Meeting of Edinburgh Scotland which planned cooperation on the mission field and also resulted in more cooperation among churches

Meeting to discuss responding to contemporary problems on the basis of the Gospel

Which country is noted for tremendous numerical growth in Christians and sending missionaries around the world?

China

Sorry, see Gonzalez pp. 501-503

India

Sorry, see Gonzalez pp. 501-503

Kenya

Sorry, see Gonzalez pp. 501-503

South Africa

Sorry, see Gonzalez pp. 501-503

Chile

Sorry, see Gonzalez pp. 501-503

Korea

Correct

The Pentecostal church did not grow as much in South America as traditional churches.

True

Sorry, see Gonzalez pp. 509-510

False

Well Done
Which branch of the church experienced the most numeric growth in Africa?

Roman Catholic

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 504

Eastern Orthodox

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 504

Monophysite

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 504

Protestant

Good Job

Which of these is NOT part of the "Three-self" formula?

self-understanding

Good Job

self-propagation

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 552

self-government

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 552

self-support

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 552

The World Missionary Conference in Edinburgh made provision for future meetings, which then had a much greater representation by "Younger Churches"

True

Well Done

False

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 513
In which country does Gonzalez highlight the extraordinary unity among churches?

India

Good Job

Brazil

Sorry, see Gonzalez pp. 497-498

Kenya

Sorry, see Gonzalez pp. 497-498

Korea

Sorry, see Gonzalez pp. 497-498

China

Sorry, see Gonzalez pp. 497-498

The "cultural revolution" in China greatly favored churches.

True

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 498

False

Well Done
Which does Gonzalez highlight as an intellectual challenge to Christianity in the 21st century?

Postmodernism

Good Job

The continued expansion of the church

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 527

Why does anyone care about the Kardashians?

That is truly a mystery! However, see Gonzalez p. 527

The problem of evil

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 527

The continued expansion of islam

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 527

Gonzalez suggests that because of the worldwide expansion of Christianity, there is no longer only one center of influence

True

Correct

False

Sorry, see Gonzalez pp. 525-526

Lecture Content

In this section, you will find the video lectures for the Evangelicals & Later Fundamentalists module. They are designed to be watched in order, but each video should make sense on its own. Click each banner to open access to each video. There are also links with each video if you prefer to watch on the Rumble or YouTube interface or download just the audio to listen offline.

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12a: Fundamental/Evangelicals
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12b: Evangelicals & Culture
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Reviews

In this section, you will find the review slides from the course lectures for module 12. This is a convenient way to view and review the summaries for each lecture. Click the banner to open the slide show.

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Review Slideshow
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Click the prev. and next buttons (bottom right of the slide) to move through the slides. You can also click on any thumbnail to go directly to that slide.

Discussion/Reflection/Essay Questions

This section contains questions for further thought and discussion from Module 12. It is recommended that you take time to think through these issues in order to thoroughly grasp the significance and explore the application of the material you are learning. These questions can also be used as essay questions in a classroom setting exam. Below, you will find links to the Response and Application Reflection Instructions for Individuals, and the Response and Application Discussion Instructions for Groups. And you will find a link to the detailed question document for this module. Or Click the banner below to view the questions in a simplified format.

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Discussion/Application Questions
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The following questions are for your thoughtful consideration and discussion:

  1. What can you learn from the two different approaches of the Fundamentalists and Evangelicals? How does this apply?
  2. What did you learn about living in the tension, as illustrated by this module's history? How does this apply?
  3. What is an Evangelical? What difference does this definition make? What difference should the ideals described by this definition make?
  4. What did you learn from the three Evangelical leaders? What will you imitate? How?
  5. What principles did you learn about church and leadership? How do they apply?
  6. What else did you learn? How does it apply?

(Optional) Timeline - Part 12

This section contains instructions for an optional Timeline activity to be constructed over all sixteen modules. Below is a link to the detailed instructions for this activity.

Step twelve of the Timeline should include the following information:

  • Any significant events, ideas, and people from the Evangelical Movements.
  • Any significant events, ideas, and approaches in the separation of the Evangelicals from the Fundamentalists.
  • Any significant writings from these movements, and the ideas, doctrines, and approaches which they represent, and the impact they had.

(Optional) Principles Chart - Part 8

This section contains instructions for an optional Principles Chart activity to be constructed over all sixteen modules. Below is a link to the detailed instructions for this activity.

Step twelve of the Principles chart will add any important principles noted from the Evangelical and later Fundamentalist Movements, the influence these movements had, the reasons behind that influence, and how those principles can be applied.

It is suggested that the student begin this activity before watching the Guiding Principles portion of the lecture. Then the student may supplement their work after learning additional insights from the Guiding Principles.

(Optional) Term Project Organization & Writing

The student will continue researching their chosen topic for their term project and organizing the material they have found. Around this point in the course, the student should also begin writing (or filming, designing, or otherwise preparing their presentation, depending on their chosen means of communication) the first draft of their term project. Based on the organization of the material, which is based on their research, the student should begin communicating what they have learned, as well as the principles they gained from the historical data, and how it applies to current life and ministry.

Below is a link to detailed instructions for the entire project.

Primary Source Reading

This section contains instructions and resources for the Primary Source Reading activity. The student should read a minimum of 10-20 pages from a primary resource or resources discussed in this module's lecture and write or discuss a brief response to their reading. Below is a link to detailed instructions for the Primary Source Reading, which contain a list of recommended resources, by module. And click the banner below to access a list of recommended resources with links to where they may be found.

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Primary Sources
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The following is a list of the recommended primary sources for this module. This list contains links to the resources in print and/or online format. These links may change, so feel free to search for other sources for these same titles. In addition, please do not feel you are limited only to this list. Feel free to choose from any primary source from the period and topic covered in this module:

Links to Primary Sources

Review Quiz

This section is a link to a review quiz to test your understanding of the objective material for Module 12. By clicking the banner, you will be taken to a series of questions, in random order. Answer each question and then push the Submit button to check your answers. Every question must be answered before you can submit the quiz. At the end, you will be shown your score for the entire quiz. The quiz will be different each time, so feel free to take it more than once. Click the banner to begin the quiz.

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Quiz for Module 12
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Review Quiz for Module 12

Here is a review quiz for the material covered in this module's lectures. Click the button next to the best answer for each question, or drag each term to its best definition. Then press the button at the bottom to see if your answers are correct.


Which best describes Harold Ockenga's approach to unity?

Christians should seek uniformity in belief and practice

Sorry, see Lecture 12b

Christians should only accept unity with those who agree on all maters

Sorry, see Lecture 12b

All Christians should seek unity with all professed Christians

Sorry, see Lecture 12b

Genuine unity exists when Christians are joined by compatible connection to Christ through the cross

Well Done

The term "Evangelicals" has been used to describe Christians at least since the Reformation, but is used in this section in a more narrow sense.

True

Well done

False

Sorry, see Lecture 12a
The slanderous description of "Fundamentalists" as backward people overreacting to modernism actually caused many to overreact more against this kind of slanderous modernism

True

Well Done

False

Sorry, see Lecture 12a
Billy Graham was committed to proclaim the Bible as true

True

Correct

False

Sorry, see Lecture 12b
Drag to match each facet of Evangelical belief and/or practice with its best definition
Jesus
Holy Spirit
Evangelism
Conversion
Activism
Community
Bible
Cross

The Lordship of God's Spirit, Who actively works salvation and holiness in God's people

God's revelation in the Scripture is the Primary, functional authority for Evangelicals

The substitutionary atonement is the means by which people are reconciled to Christ and saved from the penalty and consequences of sin

Evangelicals stress that changed lives somehow contribute to positive change, not only in the church, but also in the surrounding society

Evangelicals stress the need for mutual protection and encouragement, but also multiplied effectiveness through cooperative efforts

The majestic Christ is incarnate God and Lord, and is the savior of humanity

Evangelicals stress the need to reach unbelievers by proclaiming the good news of Christ

Evangelicals stress the need for personal experience of the new birth as God's supernatural work to change lives

Based on the list of common beliefs and practices, the term Evangelical describes many groups going back at least to the Reformation

True

Good Job

False

Sorry, see Lecture 12b
The ministry of Billy Graham was given a boost when press coverage highlighted his crusade in Los Angeles and contributed to its success

True

Well Done

False

Sorry, see Lecture 12b
The Lecture suggests that the Scopes trial itself was not a problem, but the deceptive propaganda surrounding the trial was the issue

True

Correct

False

Sorry, see Lecture 12a
Which best describes the approach the Evangelicals attempted to follow?

They rejected theological liberalism and separated from modernist theology

True, but incomplete, another answer is better, see Lecture 12a

They rejected theological liberalism while also trying to engage culturally

Well Done

They tried to remain engaged socially and culturally

True, but incomplete, another answer is better, see Lecture 12a

There are many examples of Christians fleeing compromised, secular institutions, which was a good thing. The problem is when Christians abandon all cultural influence.

True

Correct

False

Sorry, see Lecture 12a

Module Completed!

Congratulations, you have reached the end of the twelfth module. I hope that you have found it rewarding and have noticed personal growth.

I encourage you to continue on the next module as soon as is convenient. The button below will take you to Module 13.