Module 8: Great Awakenings

Hi everyone, and welcome back to the eighth module of the History of Christianity 2 Course. In this section, we'll continue to work through the history of the continuing church in America. This module will cover a few renewal movements in the New World that happened around the same time as the events covered in the previous module. This module will cover the various movements now known as the First and Second Great Awakenings.

This module will help you to understand the various causes and effects of the revivals of the church and how God used His people to renew and revitalize certain parts of the church in the American colonies and later American states. It will cover the events, causes, results, doctrines, and main leaders of each of these different movements.

The student will be exposed to different approaches and evaluations of these events and how God's people responded at the time. The student will have opportunity to evaluate the longer-term effects of these movements, approaches, and practices, and the lessons that can be learned from these two Awakenings. This module will also aid the student to work through how the lessons learned are applicable in their own life and ministry.

Introductory Scenario

Imagine that you are part of a church that talks about seeking revival. How should you understand that term? What would it look like if genuine revival happened in your church and/or town? How can the church discern if revival is truly happening or if they are experiencing some sort of counterfeit? How should the church pursue revival? How should it pray? How should it act? What is the responsibility of the church? What should the church expect from God? Please consider these questions and be watching for material that will help you answer them as you work through this module.

Module Objectives and Outcomes

Upon successful completion of this module, the student will:

  • Understand the history of the First and Second Great Awakenings and their long-term effects for the church and wider society.
  • Describe the major leaders of the two great awakenings and why they were so influential.
  • Describe the main ideas, approaches, doctrines, and writings that came out of the First and Second Great Awakenings.
  • Evaluate each of these movements and the lessons that can be learned from them and applied to current situations.
  • Place the major events and people of these movements in a general chronology.

Instruction Guides

In this section, you'll find links to important instructional documents for this module. Click the following links to open each document. There is a set of instructions for individual study and a document for group study.

Textbook Content

In this section, you'll find a study guide for the textbook reading for module 8. And then you'll find the link to a practice quiz covering this textbook reading.

This section also contains a review quiz to test your understanding of the textbook material for this module. By clicking the banner below, you will be given a series of questions, in random order. The quiz will be different each time, so feel free to take it more than once.

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Gonzalez Textbook Quiz
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Textbook Review Quiz for Gonzalez chs. 25-27

Click the button next to the best answer for each question, or drag each term to its best definition. Then press the Submit button at the bottom to see if your answers are correct.


Political independence of former colonies always led to economic independence.

True

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 311

False

Good Job
According to Gonzalez, what was "the most important event of the nineteenth century" from the perspective of the history of Christianity?

The Ecumenical movement

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 302

The founding of a truly universal church

Well Done

The life and mission of William Carey

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 302

The French Revolution

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 302

What was the "uncounted casualty" of World War 2?

the bitterness of youth against their parents

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 310

The optimistic view of the future

Well Done

The people who died in the atomic bombs

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 310

The revolt against colonialism

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 310

Drag each term to its best definition
Salvation Army
Mormonism
Social Gospel
Five Fundamentals
Azusa St. Revival
Manifest Destiny
Cane Ridge Revival
Unitarianism

the idea that the U.S. is called by God to expand all the way to the Pacific

Heretical cult began by Joseph Smith

Event which spread the experience of spiritual gifts and Pentecostal doctrine

Group led by William Booth that evangelized among the lower classes

Heretical group who denied Christian doctrines and instead focused on natural religion and the idea of human progress

The ideas which could not be denied without falling into the error of liberalism

Most famous camp meeting

Movement among liberal Christians to help the plight of the urban poor

Some churches returned freed slaves to Africa

True

Well Done

False

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 333
Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, the church was seen more and more as the most important institution in society.

True

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 314

False

Correct
The Church of England was concerned with the conversion of slaves.

True

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 278

False

Well Done
All American churches opposed slavery

True

Sorry, see Gonzalez pp. 332-333

False

Correct
The "November Revolution" is associated with which country?

Brazil

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 307

Russia

Well Done

USA

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 307

Great Britain

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 307

France

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 307

What was the main reason for colonial expansion in the 19th century?

Napolean's Defeat

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 303

The November Revolution

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 303

World War I

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 303

The Industrial Revolution

Correct


Lecture Content

In this section, you will find the video lectures for the Great Awakenings module. They are designed to be watched in order, but each video should make sense on its own. Click each banner to open access to each video. There are also links with each video if you prefer to watch on the Rumble or YouTube interface or download just the audio to listen offline.

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08a: First Great Awakening
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08b: Second Great Awakening
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Supplemental Reading

The student will read the two assigned secondary readings found below. Think through the content of these articles and use the insights gained as part of their course material response and application reflection or discussion.

Reviews

In this section, you will find the review slides from the course lectures for module 8. This is a convenient way to view and review the summaries for each lecture. Click the banner to open the slide show.

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Review Slideshow
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Click the prev. and next buttons (bottom right of the slide) to move through the slides. You can also click on any thumbnail to go directly to that slide.

Discussion/Reflection/Essay Questions

This section contains questions for further thought and discussion from Module 8. It is recommended that you take time to think through these issues in order to thoroughly grasp the significance and explore the application of the material you are learning. These questions can also be used as essay questions in a classroom setting exam. Below, you will find links to the Response and Application Reflection Instructions for Individuals, and the Response and Application Discussion Instructions for Groups. And you will find a link to the detailed question document for this module. Or Click the banner below to view the questions in a simplified format.

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Discussion/Application Questions
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The following questions are for your thoughtful consideration and discussion:

  1. Discuss the "Distinguishing Marks." Do you agree? Why or why not? How does this apply?
  2. Discuss the "Resolutions" of Edwards. What stood out? Why? How will you respond?
  3. Discuss the First Great Awakening. What did you learn? How does this apply?
  4. What did you learn from Whitefield and/or Edwards? What difference should this make?
  5. What did you learn from the Second Awakening? What was good and/or bad? How does this apply?
  6. Compare and contrast the First and Second Awakenings. What principles can you learn? How does this apply?
  7. What did you learn about ministry methods? What difference does this make? How can you discern the best methods?
  8. What else did you learn? How does it apply?

(Optional) Timeline - Part 8

This section contains instructions for an optional Timeline activity to be constructed over all sixteen modules. Below is a link to the detailed instructions for this activity.

Step eight of the Timeline should include the following information:

  • Any significant events, ideas and people from the First Great Awakening.
  • Any significant events, ideas, and people from the Second Great Awakening.
  • Any significant writings from these movements, and the ideas, doctrines, and approaches which they represent, and the impact they had.

(Optional) Principles Chart - Part 8

This section contains instructions for an optional Principles Chart activity to be constructed over all sixteen modules. Below is a link to the detailed instructions for this activity.

Step eight of the Principles chart will add any important principles noted from the First and Second Great Awakenings, the influence these movements had, the reasons behind that influence, and how those principles can be applied.

It is suggested that the student begin this activity before watching the Guiding Principles portion of the lecture. Then the student may supplement their work after learning additional insights from the Guiding Principles.

(Optional) Term Project Research & Organization

The student will continue researching their chosen topic for their term project. The student should seek to follow where their research leads, and fill any gaps in their knowledge. The student should also continue organizing all that they are learning into a logical and coherent structure, based on the information they have researched, which will serve as the organization for their term project presentation.

Below is a link to detailed instructions for the entire project.

Primary Source Reading

This section contains instructions and resources for the Primary Source Reading activity. The student should read a minimum of 10-20 pages from a primary resource or resources discussed in this module's lecture and write or discuss a brief response to their reading. Below is a link to detailed instructions for the Primary Source Reading, which contain a list of recommended resources, by module. And click the banner below to access a list of recommended resources with links to where they may be found.

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Primary Sources
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The following is a list of the recommended primary sources for this module. This list contains links to the resources in print and/or online format. These links may change, so feel free to search for other sources for these same titles. In addition, please do not feel you are limited only to this list. Feel free to choose from any primary source from the period and topic covered in this module:

Links to Primary Sources

Review Quiz

This section is a link to a review quiz to test your understanding of the objective material for Module 8. By clicking the banner, you will be taken to a series of questions, in random order. Answer each question and then push the Submit button to check your answers. Every question must be answered before you can submit the quiz. At the end, you will be shown your score for the entire quiz. The quiz will be different each time, so feel free to take it more than once. Click the banner to begin the quiz.

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Quiz for Module 08
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Review Quiz for Module 08

Here is a review quiz for the material covered in this module's lectures. Click the button next to the best answer for each question, or drag each term to its best definition. Then press the button at the bottom to see if your answers are correct.


One of the ways that Jonathan Edwards defended the revival was by asking how we can determine whether a revival is genuine.

True

Correct

False

Sorry, see Lecture 08a
Which of these is NOT true of Jonathan Edwards?

He was similar in doctrine and approach to the English Puritans

Sorry, see Lecture 08a

He had a very high view of God's greatness, sovereignty, and beauty

Sorry, see Lecture 08a

He was called to be a college president but died soon after

Sorry, see Lecture 08a

He was against all displays of emotion and enthusiasm

Correct

He was fired from his church at Northampton

Sorry, see Lecture 08a

The Lecture claims that the First Great Awakening was a genuine revival from God

True

Correct

False

Sorry, see Lecture 08a
Finney taught that revival is the result of using the right methods, and religion is primarily something that mankind does.

True

Correct

False

Sorry, see Lecture 08b
The Second Great Awakening was at the same time, and was basically part of the same work of God as the British Evangelical Revival

True

Sorry, this is true of the FIRST Great Awakening, see Lecture 08a

False

Good Job
Methodist and Baptist churches grew significantly in the Second Awakening, because they were more present on the frontiers

True

Good Job

False

Sorry, see Lecture 08b
Which of these was NOT a characteristic of the Second Awakening?

Cooperation across denominations

Sorry, see Lecture 08b

Exclusion of slaves and Native Americans

Well Done

Zeal for social change

Sorry, see Lecture 08b

Creation of Voluntary societies

Sorry, see Lecture 08b

Zeal for evangelism

Sorry, see Lecture 08b

The Lecture compared Finney's approach to secularism, because both leave God out of the activity, at least to some extent

True

Well Done

False

Sorry, see Lecture 08b
According to Jonathan Edwards, which of these is NOT conclusive evidence of a genuine revival from God?

People sin less and don't fall for the devil's deceptions

Sorry, see Lecture 08a

People talk more about religious things

Good Job

People love Jesus more

Sorry, see Lecture 08a

People pursue truth and believe what is true

Sorry, see Lecture 08a

People love and trust the Bible more

Sorry, see Lecture 08a

People love God and their neighbor more

Sorry, see Lecture 08a

Finney taught that regeneration was sinners changing their own heart, which they were required to do

True

Good Job

False

Sorry, see Lecture 08b

Midterm Exam

In this section, you will find the midterm exam, covering all the course material for the first half of this course (modules 1-8).

Below you will find the study guide for the midterm exam, which you should have been using throughout the course so far.

Below you will find the answer sheet for the Midterm Exam. You should have this answer sheet handy as you take the objective portion of the midterm exam (either on screen or by printing it out in physical form).

Below you will find the banner link to open the actual Midterm exam. By clicking this banner, you will be given a series of objective questions, then a series of essay questions, in random order.

Answer each objective question exactly as you see the correct answer on the Midterm Exam Answer Sheet. Answer each essay question as you see fit. Answer every question and then push the Check Answers button to check your answers. Every question should be answered before you submit the exam. At the end, you will be shown your score for the objective section of the exam.

The exam will be different each time, so feel free to take it more than once.

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Midterm Exam
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Answer every question and then push the Check Answers button to check your answers.


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Scriptura","MTAnswer":"Sola Scriptura"},{"0":"16","ID":"16","1":"Augsburg Confession","MTAnswer":"Augsburg Confession"},{"0":"17","ID":"17","1":"Priesthood of All Believers","MTAnswer":"Priesthood of All Believers"},{"0":"18","ID":"18","1":"Theology of the Cross","MTAnswer":"Theology of the Cross"},{"0":"19","ID":"19","1":"The Bondage of the Will","MTAnswer":"The Bondage of the Will"},{"0":"20","ID":"20","1":"Printing Press","MTAnswer":"Printing Press"},{"0":"21","ID":"21","1":"Ulrich Zwingli","MTAnswer":"Ulrich Zwingli"},{"0":"22","ID":"22","1":"The Clarity and Certainty of God's Word","MTAnswer":"The Clarity and Certainty of God's Word"},{"0":"23","ID":"23","1":"John Calvin","MTAnswer":"John Calvin"},{"0":"24","ID":"24","1":"The Institutes of the Christian Religion","MTAnswer":"The Institutes of the Christian Religion"},{"0":"25","ID":"25","1":"'May God condemn your repose'","MTAnswer":"'May God condemn your repose'"},{"0":"26","ID":"26","1":"Knowing God and knowing self","MTAnswer":"Knowing God and knowing self"},{"0":"27","ID":"27","1":"Genevan Academy","MTAnswer":"Genevan Academy"},{"0":"28","ID":"28","1":"Reformed Church","MTAnswer":"Reformed Church"},{"0":"29","ID":"29","1":"George Blaurock and the Brethren","MTAnswer":"George Blaurock and the Brethren"},{"0":"30","ID":"30","1":"Munster rebellion","MTAnswer":"Munster rebellion"},{"0":"31","ID":"31","1":"'Child Abuse'","MTAnswer":"'Child Abuse'"},{"0":"32","ID":"32","1":"Pacifism","MTAnswer":"Pacifism"},{"0":"33","ID":"33","1":"Menno Simons","MTAnswer":"Menno Simons"},{"0":"34","ID":"34","1":"'Third Baptism'","MTAnswer":"'Third Baptism'"},{"0":"35","ID":"35","1":"Isabella of Castile","MTAnswer":"Isabella of Castile"},{"0":"36","ID":"36","1":"The Inquisition","MTAnswer":"The Inquisition"},{"0":"37","ID":"37","1":"Teresa of Avilla","MTAnswer":"Teresa of Avilla"},{"0":"38","ID":"38","1":"Ignatius Loyola","MTAnswer":"Ignatius Loyola"},{"0":"39","ID":"39","1":"The Council of Trent","MTAnswer":"The Council of Trent"},{"0":"40","ID":"40","1":"Henry VIII","MTAnswer":"Henry VIII"},{"0":"41","ID":"41","1":"Thomas Cranmer","MTAnswer":"Thomas Cranmer"},{"0":"42","ID":"42","1":"Book of Common Prayer","MTAnswer":"Book of Common Prayer"},{"0":"43","ID":"43","1":"'Bloody Mary'","MTAnswer":"'Bloody Mary'"},{"0":"44","ID":"44","1":"Elizabeth","MTAnswer":"Elizabeth"},{"0":"45","ID":"45","1":"Thirty Nine Articles","MTAnswer":"Thirty Nine Articles"},{"0":"46","ID":"46","1":"John Knox","MTAnswer":"John Knox"},{"0":"47","ID":"47","1":"William of Orange","MTAnswer":"William of Orange"},{"0":"48","ID":"48","1":"Beggars of the sea","MTAnswer":"Beggars of the sea"},{"0":"49","ID":"49","1":"Huguenots","MTAnswer":"Huguenots"},{"0":"50","ID":"50","1":"Defenestration of Prague","MTAnswer":"Defenestration of Prague"},{"0":"51","ID":"51","1":"Gustavus Adolphus","MTAnswer":"Gustavus Adolphus"},{"0":"52","ID":"52","1":"Cardinal Richelieu","MTAnswer":"Cardinal Richelieu"},{"0":"53","ID":"53","1":"Elizabethan Settlement","MTAnswer":"Elizabethan Settlement"},{"0":"54","ID":"54","1":"Puritans","MTAnswer":"Puritans"},{"0":"55","ID":"55","1":"Episcopacy","MTAnswer":"Episcopacy"},{"0":"56","ID":"56","1":"William Laud","MTAnswer":"William Laud"},{"0":"57","ID":"57","1":"Presbyterian","MTAnswer":"Presbyterian"},{"0":"58","ID":"58","1":"Westminster Assembly","MTAnswer":"Westminster Assembly"},{"0":"59","ID":"59","1":"Oliver Cromwell","MTAnswer":"Oliver Cromwell"},{"0":"60","ID":"60","1":"The Remonstrance","MTAnswer":"The Remonstrance"},{"0":"61","ID":"61","1":"Synod of Dort","MTAnswer":"Synod of Dort"},{"0":"62","ID":"62","1":"Predestination","MTAnswer":"Predestination"},{"0":"63","ID":"63","1":"First Great Awakening","MTAnswer":"First Great Awakening"},{"0":"64","ID":"64","1":"Philip Jakob Spener","MTAnswer":"Philip Jakob Spener"},{"0":"65","ID":"65","1":"Moravians","MTAnswer":"Moravians"},{"0":"66","ID":"66","1":"Holy Club","MTAnswer":"Holy Club"},{"0":"67","ID":"67","1":"John Wesley","MTAnswer":"John Wesley"},{"0":"68","ID":"68","1":"Charles Wesley","MTAnswer":"Charles Wesley"},{"0":"69","ID":"69","1":"Methodism","MTAnswer":"Methodism"},{"0":"70","ID":"70","1":"Jonathan Edwards","MTAnswer":"Jonathan Edwards"},{"0":"71","ID":"71","1":"The Distinguishing Marks...","MTAnswer":"The Distinguishing Marks..."},{"0":"72","ID":"72","1":"George Whitefield","MTAnswer":"George Whitefield"},{"0":"73","ID":"73","1":"Second Great Awakening","MTAnswer":"Second Great Awakening"},{"0":"74","ID":"74","1":"Charles Finney","MTAnswer":"Charles Finney"},{"0":"75","ID":"75","1":"New Measures","MTAnswer":"New Measures"},{"0":"76","ID":"76","1":"Cane Ridge Kentucky","MTAnswer":"Cane Ridge Kentucky"},{"0":"77","ID":"77","1":"Anabaptists","MTAnswer":"Anabaptists"}]

Objective Section

Answer each of the following questions with terms directly from the answer sheet. Make sure your answers are entered exactly as they appear on the answer sheet.

As you begin typing your answer, you will see a suggestion from the answer sheet. Feel free to click on the suggested answer you intend to help assure that the spelling is correct, and therefore it will be accurately graded.


The event when militant Anabaptists took over a Roman Catholic city, thus bringing suspicion on the entire movement


Gathering that produced the definitive expression of Puritan theology


The prince who protected Luther


High Church Anglican Bishop who strongly opposed the Puritans


Ironic punishment of Anabaptists by drowning


This doctrine is defined differently by Calvinists and Arminians


Luther defended his views before the emperor


Document describing what Lutherans believe


Leader of the British Evangelical Revival best known as a writer of hymns


Struggle of the meaning of these words led to Luther's salvation


Reformation doctrine which states that people, and not just the ordained hierarchy of the church, should minister to one another


Pietist group known for sending missionaries and spreading pietism from a base at Herrnhut


Document describing what Arminians believed


The prince of humanists


Group that grew out of the British Evangelical Revival by consolidating converts into organized bands for follow up and discipleship


The pursuit of heresy most infamously in Spain


German Pietist and author of Pia Desideria


Queen who worked against corruption in the Roman Catholic church in Spain


The first reformer in Switzerland


Group that struggled against High Church Anglicanism to bring about more change to the Church of England


Ruler who first caused the English Reformation


Leader of the English Civil War


Queen of England who favored Protestants


Reformation doctrine that Scripture alone has final authority


Compromise between those with Roman Catholic sympathies and those with Reformed sympathies in England


Most famous camp meeting in the Second Great Awakening


Leader of the Second Great Wakening who promoted "new measures" of evangelism


Reformation idea that God is truly known in weakness and suffering


The response to the Remonstrance


The selling or granting of excess spiritual merit


Essay Section

Answer each of the following essay questions in 2-4 paragraphs, giving specific information demonstrating your understanding of the course material and its impact for Christian life.


I hope you understand that I am not able to grade the essay section of this online exam. I suggest you may ask your group leader, a trusted friend, mentor, or pastor for constructive feedback on your essay answers. Therefore, the grade calculated below only reflects the objective section of this exam.

Describe Luther's (multiple) responses when asked to recant at the Diet of Worms. What does this say about Luther's attitude and character? How should a modern Christian imitate this attitude and character? In what ways would this apply?


Describe Calvin's theology in terms of its Qualities, Sources, and Content. What should modern theologians and pastors imitate from this?



Module Completed!

Congratulations, you have reached the end of the eighth module. I hope that you have found it rewarding and have noticed personal growth.

I encourage you to continue on the next module as soon as is convenient. The button below will take you to Module 9.