History of Christianity 1: Module 12

Emperor who clashed with Gregory. At first he refused to acknowledge Gregory, but eventually was forced to publicly beg for forgiveness

He was elected pope by the emperor Henry to replace the still ruling pope Gregory. There were wars back and forth for Rome supporting the rival popes

This group decided how popes would be chosen, to protect against the influence of powerful people using the papal office to further their secular agendas

Those who were zealous for clerical celibacy. They called the wives of priests 'harlots' and insisted that they leave their husband's household

He was the ambassador who finalized the schism with the east. He eventually became pope Gregory VII and continued the reform began by Leo IX

After the decline of Cluny, caused by their wealth, this monastic reform, begun at Citeaux returned many monasteries back to the ideals of "the Rule" and of Cluny

A German Abbess (Convent leader) who desired reform. She is best known as a mystical writer of devotional material

The first of the reforming popes. Formerly called Bruno of Toul. He fought against simony and clerical marriage

The most famous monk of the Cistercian movement. He became influential because of his preaching, his mysticism, and he was called upon to settle political issues

A monastery in southern France, protected from papal interference. It was the center of monastic reform, returning to the ideals of Benedict's Rule

Influenced by the work falsely attributed to Dionysius, this work by Erigena taught Neoplatonic mysticism instead of Christianity

Group that raided the coasts of Europe, sacked monasteries and churches, and eventually converted to Christianity

The act of paying for ecclesiastical office, widely practiced in the middle ages, but later condemned by the reforming popes

Group of Christians in Spain who lived under Moslem rule, and who kept their traditions against the Franks

The man hired by Charlemagne to support education and learning in his empire. He caused every church to have a school

The most powerful pope since Gregory the Great

Greatest sysetmatician of his time, he translated the work of Dionysius the Areopagite and taught Neoplatonic Mysticism in his own writing as well

Group that invaded Europe from the East. Their king forced the conversion of his subjects

He revived and correctly taught Augustine's doctrine of predestination

Forged documents that claimed great authority for the popes