History of Christianity 1: Module 8

A general word used to describe all monastics who lived by charity. Many were travelling monks.

He advocated for the Arian position at the council of Nicaea and with the emperors after the council was concluded.

Early leader who was an old man when he was arrested. He had a vision that he would be burned alive, and faithfully testified about Christ even while being burned alive.

Christian thinker who drew heavily on Plato, and sought to show that Greek philosophy and Christianity teach the same truth. Used an allegorical interpretation of Scripture to do so.

Schismatic group who believed that the validity of the sacraments depends on the worthiness of the leader who administers them.

The proclamation that gave free exercise of religion to "Christians and all others." It returned seized property to the churches.

The first Christian emperor of Rome, who officially ended all persecution of Christians.

The occasion of Constantine's conversion to Christianity, according to Constantine himself.

Affirmed the doctrine that Christ had Two natures in One Person. Became the Orthodox definition of Christology.

The process of training new converts before baptism and full membership in the early church.

The combining of elements from one or more religions and/or worldviews to form a new mixed religion/worldview.

The philosophy begun by Socrates that is characterized by a division of reality into the material and spiritual worlds.

Most influential figure in western monasticism. Wrote "the Rule," in which he insisted that monks have obedience and stability, as well as do physical labor.

Student of philosophy who was converted to Christ. He became one of the best Christian scholars of his time. He taught Christianity as "the True Philosophy."

Those who rejected the idea of Christ having two natures. They taught that He had only one nature.

The man who began organizing early monastics into monasteries. He is considered the father of Cenobitic monasticism.

Early apologist who strongly rejected the use of Greek philosophy in forming Christian doctrine, saying "What does Athens have to do with Jerusalem?"

Roman Emperor who tried to turn the empire from Christianity back to paganism.

A monk whose highest ideal was poverty, who preached the beauty of poverty. He gave away all that he had, and founded a mendicant order.

Heretic who claimed that the Son was not equally eternal with the Father.

A student of Clement, who was orthodox on central doctrines, but felt the freedom to speculate on all others, which led him to be closer to Platonism than Christianity in many issues.

An early type of monasticism which gathered monastics into monasteries away from civilization. They lived together under obedience to their leader.

Leader of a monastery. All monastics were required to live in obedience to this person.

An early heresy that started with a dualistic idea of reality consisting of a pure world of spirit and an evil world of matter. It stressed the use of secret knowledge of the initiated in their ritual and doctrines to find salvation.

Term that describes an early monastic who lived as a solitary individual, away from all others in order to commune with God and fight against temptation.

A Writing in the Apostolic Fathers that was considered the teaching of the 12 apostles for Christian life and church organization.

This word means "of a similar substance" This term was eventually rejected as not sufficiently communicating the deity of Christ and His relationship with the Father.

Roman emperor under whom was the worst persecution of Christians.

The standard of books that were recognized by the churches as being inspired Scripture.

Patriarch of Constantinople, who was caught in a debate over whether Mary could be called "Mother of God." His name is given to the heresy which taught that in Jesus there was two persons - a divine person and a human person.