Module 7: Monasticism

Hi everyone, and welcome to the seventh module of the History of Christianity 1 Course. In this section, we'll be looking at a form of Christianity that has lasted for centuries, even remaining today. We'll look at the reasons behind this particular expression of faith, its history, and its impacts.

This module will help you to understand the history, attitudes, and practices of monasticism. You will be exposed to the different forms of monasticism over the centuries, how monasticism developed and changed, and some of the major individuals of these movements. You will get a sense of the typical life of a monastic and the reasons they lived that lifestyle. You will also wrestle through what positive principles can be imitated from monasticism, as well as any negative outcomes to be avoided. And the student will be given opportunity to process how these lessons can be applied to current social situations, by learning from their successes, as well as their failures.

The student will have opportunity to evaluate the longer-term effects of these movements, approaches, and practices, and the lessons that can be learned from monasticism. This module will also aid the student to work through how the lessons learned are applicable in their own life and ministry.

Introductory Scenario

Imagine that you are feeling overwhelmed by the pressures, distractions, and urgent demands of daily life (I'll pause while you think sarcastic thoughts about how hard that is for you to imagine). How can a Christian overcome these challenges? Is there a way to get away from these distractions? Would it be legitimate to forsake the business of life and live separately? What would that look like? Would it be worth it? What would we miss, or sinfully neglect if we attempted this? Please consider these questions and be watching for material that will help you answer them as you work through this module.

Module Objectives and Outcomes

Upon successful completion of this module, the student will:

  • Articulate and evaluate the various causes of monasticism.
  • Describe the history of early monasticism and the two main types of monasticism in this era.
  • Describe the history of medieval monasticism and the major changes to monasticism in this era and the people who made them.
  • Articulate various impacts of monasticism on the church and wider society.
  • Distinguish various approaches to monasticism and how their emphases differ.
  • Articulate and evaluate the ideals of monasticism and their current relevance.
  • Evaluate both the positive and the negative contributions of monasticism to Christianity, and how these lessons can be applied today.
  • Place the major people and events from these movements in a general chronology.

Instruction Guides

In this section, you'll find links to important instructional documents for this module. Click the following links to open each document. There is a set of instructions for individual study and a document for group study.

Textbook Content

In this section, you'll find a study guide for the textbook reading for module 7. And then you'll find the link to a practice quiz covering this textbook reading.

This section also contains a review quiz to test your understanding of the textbook material for this module. By clicking the banner below, you will be given a series of questions, in random order. The quiz will be different each time, so feel free to take it more than once.

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Gonzalez Textbook Quiz
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Textbook Review Quiz for Gonzalez chs. 15-16

Click the button next to the best answer for each question, or drag each term to its best definition. Then press the Submit button at the bottom to see if your answers are correct.


The Donatist controversy was not just about rival bishops, but also about the purity of the church

True

Well Done

False

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 176
Who does the textbook claim to be primarily responsible for the spread of the monastic ideal?

Constantine

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 169

The anchorite monks

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 169

The bishops and scholars

Good Job

The cenobitic monks

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 169

Drag each term to its proper definition
Athanasius
Abbot
Anchorite
Martin
Chapel
Pachomius
Cenobitic

A monk who was elected bishop, and who served as an example of how bishops should serve, as opposed to the worldly arrogance of some worldly bishops

Author of the life of Anthony

A solitary monk, who withdrew from all society

Type of monasticism where monks lived in community with other monks

A church which (supposedly) contained a piece of St. Martin's cape

Organizer of communal monasticism

The leader of Cenobitic monasteries, at the top of the hierarchy

The Donatist controversy also demonstrated the social divide and resentment against the Roman empire

True

Good Job

False

Sorry, see Gonzalez pp. 176-178
The idea of celibacy was influenced more by non-Christian gnostic ideas than by Christian theology

True

Correct

False

Sorry, see Gonzalez pp. 158-161
Which is NOT a reason that Anthony travelled to Alexandria?

To preach against worldliness in the church

Well Done

To testify against Arianism

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 163

To offer himself for martyrdom

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 163

Donatism was suppressed by force

True

Correct

False

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 179
Which is NOT a way in which monasticism changed?

From rejection of organized church to being embraced by bishops

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 172

From communal ownership to individual property

Correct

From discouraging scholarship to embracing it

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 172

From individual solitude to communal living

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 172

Pachomius demanded strict discipline from all cenobitic monks

True

Good Job

False

Sorry, see Gonzalez p. 166
The early monastics were supportive of the hierarchical church

True

Sorry, see Gonzalez pp. 164-165

False

Well Done

Lecture Content

In this section, you will find the video lectures for the Early & Medieval Monasticism module. Click each banner to open access to each video. There are also links with each video if you prefer to watch on the Rumble or YouTube interface or download just the audio to listen offline.

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7: Monasticism
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Reviews

In this section, you will find the review slides from the course lectures for module 7. This is a convenient way to view and review the summaries for each lecture. Click the banner to open the slide show.

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Review Slideshow
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Click the prev. and next buttons (bottom right of the slide) to move through the slides. You can also click on any thumbnail to go directly to that slide.

Discussion/Reflection Questions

This section contains questions for further thought and discussion from Module 7. It is recommended that you take time to think through these issues in order to thoroughly grasp the significance and explore the application of the material you are learning. These questions can also be used as essay questions in a classroom setting exam. Below, you will find links to the Response and Application Reflection Instructions for Individuals, and the Response and Application Discussion Instructions for Groups. And you will find a link to the detailed question document for this module. Or Click the banner below to view the questions in a simplified format.

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Discussion/Application Questions
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The following questions are for your thoughtful consideration and discussion:

  1. What are the good things about monasticism which we should imitate today? How can we put them into practice?
  2. What are the bad things about monasticism which we should avoid today? How can we guard against them?
  3. How can we be IN the world, but not OF the world? What can we learn from monasticism? How can we apply this?
  4. What else did you learn? How does it apply?

(Optional) Timeline - Part 7

This section contains instructions for an optional Timeline activity to be constructed over all sixteen modules. Below is a link to the detailed instructions for this activity.

Step Seven of the Timeline should include the following information:

  • Any significant events and people in early Anchorite and Cenobitic monasticism.
  • Any significant events and people in medieval monasticism.
  • Any significant monastic orders and monastic missionary movements.

Annotate any significant approaches, ideas, principles, and cautions from the institution of monasticism and its impacts on the larger church, Christian life in general, and the surrounding society, and how they are applicable to the current church and Christian life.

(Optional) Principles Chart - Part 7

This section contains instructions for an optional Principles Chart activity to be constructed over all sixteen modules. Below is a link to the detailed instructions for this activity.

Step Seven of the Principles Chart will add any important principles noted from early and medieval monasticism - its successes and failures, as well as the impacts these movements had on the short-term and long-term health of the church and society.

It is suggested that the student begin this activity before watching the Guiding Principles portion of the lecture. Then the student may supplement their work after learning additional insights from the Guiding Principles.

(Optional) Term Project - Research

The student will continue researching about their chosen topic for their term project. The student should seek to follow where their research leads, and fill any gaps in their knowledge. The student should also begin organizing all that they are learning into a logical and coherent structure, based on the information they have researches, which will serve as the organization for their term project presentation.

Below is a link to detailed instructions for the entire project.

Primary Source Reading

This section contains instructions and resources for the Primary Source Reading activity. The student should read a minimum of 10-20 pages from a primary resource or resources discussed in this module's lecture and write or discuss a brief response to their reading. Below is a link to detailed instructions for the Primary Source Reading, which contain a list of recommended resources, by module. And click the banner below to access a list of recommended resources with links to where they may be found.

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Primary Sources
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The following is a list of the recommended primary sources for this module. This list contains links to the resources in print and/or online format. These links may change, so feel free to search for other sources for these same titles. In addition, please do not feel you are limited only to this list. Feel free to choose from any primary source from the period and topic covered in this module:

Links to Primary Sources

Review Quiz

This section is a link to a review quiz to test your understanding of the objective material for Module 7. By clicking the banner, you will be taken to a series of questions, in random order. Answer each question and then push the Submit button to check your answers. Every question must be answered before you can submit the quiz. At the end, you will be shown your score for the entire quiz. The quiz will be different each time, so feel free to take it more than once. Click the banner to begin the quiz.

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Quiz for Module 07
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Review Quiz for Module 07

Here is a review quiz for the material covered in this module's lectures. Click the button next to the best answer for each question, or drag each term to its best definition. Then press the button at the bottom to see if your answers are correct.


Monasticism often subtly promoted the idea (which the Lecture rejects as untrue) of "2 level Christianity" - that monasticism is a better way to serve Christ than faithfully serving Him while remaining in society.

True

Good Job

False

Sorry, see Lecture 07
Sometimes monasticism failed because their running from the world abandoned the world and left it without Chistian witness and service, which it needed

True

Well Done

False

Sorry, see Lecture 07
Who wrote "Benedict's Rule"?

Benedict

You are so smart!

The Lecture suggests that the monastic ideals of prayer and work, study and meditation, and witness and service, are all good things which should be imitated in the current church.

True

Correct

False

Sorry, see Lecture 07
What is an "Abbot"?

The oath of obedience which monks took when entering a monastery

Sorry, see Lecture 07

The leader of a monastery

Correct

The worship ritual typical of monasteries

Sorry, see Lecture 07

The rule by which all monastics lived

Sorry, see Lecture 07

The distinctive tunic which monks wore

Sorry, see Lecture 07

Who was the most famous early Anchorite, because of his biography, written by Athanasius?

Saint Pachomius

Sorry, see Lecture 07

Saint Patrick

Sorry, see Lecture 07

Saint Anthony

Good Job

Saint Francis

Sorry, see Lecture 07

Saint Benedict

Sorry, see Lecture 07

Monasticism typically took Christianity very seriously, and the lecture recommends we all should imitate this attitude

True

Good Job

False

Sorry, see Lecture 07
Monasticism was only pursued by men, because of the cultural standards of that day

True

Sorry, see Lecture 07

False

Good Job
Drag each term to its best definition.
Medieval monasticism
Anchoritic monasticism
Cenobitic monasticism

Solitary monks who lived by themselves, pursuing communion with God

The later form of Cenobitic monasticism, which followed the more formal structure of Benedict's Rule

Monks living with other monks in monasteries, pursuing God in community

Where did both anchoritic and cenobitic monasticism first begin?

Egypt

Well Done

Cappadocia

Sorry, see Lecture 07

Monte Cassino

Sorry, see Lecture 07

Rome

Sorry, see Lecture 07

Jerusalem

Sorry, see Lecture 07

Cluny

Sorry, see Lecture 07


Module Completed!

Congratulations, you have reached the end of the seventh module. I hope that you have found it rewarding and have noticed personal growth.

I encourage you to continue on the next module as soon as is convenient. The button below will take you to Module 8.